The charger remains in the Charge Complete state and the charging process can be restarted if the voltage drops below some predefined level (8). The charging process can be terminated with an error if a total charge time-out or an operation charge time- out occurs, or if the battery voltage or charge current is higher than the charge termination voltage/current levels (4), (5). The charger from all states jumps to the Wait For Temperature state when the battery temperature is outside the allowed

The LIN Protocol Specification is a low-speed communications standard used in many automotive applications, including body control, driver information, multimedia, climate control, safety equipment, cockpit electronics and Human Machine Interface (HMI). • LIN Bus Reference Design Board • Three preprogrammed and preinstalled PSoC devices (two CY8C27443-24PXI LIN bus slaves and one CY8C2714324PXI LIN bus master) • Software CD with Documentation, Example Projects, and Reference Design IP • 12V Powe

Table of Contents SOFTWARE .......................................................................................................................................... 2 PSOC DESIGNERTM ...................................................................................................................................... 2 PSOC EXPRESSTM ....................................................................................................................................... 3 COMPILERS ................

PWM: Pulse width modulator to regulate the charge current. VREF: Reference voltage source. TIMERs: Several timers are used by the CPU in charge and cell-balancing algorithms. Incremental ADC: Analog-to-digital converter to digitize the analog signals. INAMP: Instrumentation amplifier to measure charge voltage, current, and temperature. AMUX: Analog multiplexers. Figure 3 also contains a two-cell Li-Ion battery pack, a linear regulator (based on Q1, Q2), a cell-balancing circuit (based on Q4, Q5)

An effective cell-balancing algorithm during both charge and discharge phases is presented. This charger can be used either as a standalone application to charge a battery pack with two serial connected Li-Ion/Li-Pol batteries or embedded in residential, office, and industrial applications. Introduction A modern portable system requires more operating voltage than a single-cell Lithium-ion (Li-Ion) or Lithium-polymer (Li- Pol) battery can provide. A serial connection results in a pack voltage eq