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Repair is needed if the message is displayed when it is properly leveled. Press the [ESC] key and enter the correct data. Select the correct target mode. Select a longer point, or use a tape measure. Change the object that has much better reflectivity, or use a reflecting sheet, or wait until the sun activity has weakened. Turn the power off, and then turn on again. Repair is needed when the message appears consistently. PENTAX R-300 (p65-88) 10/30/02 11:11 AM Page 80 13 APPENDIX 13-2 Atmospheric Correction The speed at which light travels through the air varies depending on the temperature and atmospheric pressure. The R-100 series is designed to measure distances at the speed of light in order to measure accurately, Atmospheric Correction needs to be used. The instrument is designed to correct for weather conditions automatically if the temperature and pressure are input. Correction is then carried out based on the following formula. Calculation formula 78.565271· P ) . 10-6 K=(276.26713 – 273.14941 + t K: Atmospheric Correction Constant P: Atmospheric pressure (hPa) t: Temperature(°C) Distance after Atmospheric Correction D = Ds (1+K) Ds: Measured distance when no Atmospheric Correction is used. 80 PENTAX R-300 (p65-88) 10/30/02 11:11 AM Page 81 13 APPENDIX 13-3 hPa and mmHg Conversion Table Converting from hPa to mmHg hPa 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 500 mmHg375 mmHg383 mmHg390 mmHg398 mmHg405 mmHg413 mmHg420 mmHg428 mmHg435 mmHg443 600 450 458 465 473 480 488 495 503 510 518 700 525 533 540 548 555 563 570 578 585 593 800 600 608 615 623 630 638 645 653 660 668 900 675 683 690 698 705 713 720 728 735 743 1000 750 758 765 773 780 788 795 803 810 818 1100 825 833 840 848 855 863 870 878 885 893 1200 900 908 915 923 930 938 945 953 960 968 Converting from mmHg to hPa mmHg 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 400 hPa 533 hPa 547 hPa 560 hPa 573 hPa 587 hPa 600 hPa 613 hPa 627 hPa 640 hPa 653 500 667 680 693 707 720 733 747 760 773 787 600 800 813 827 840 853 867 880 893 907 920 700 933 947 960 973 987 1000 1013 1027 1040 1053 800 1067 1080 1093 1107 1120 1133 1147 1160 1173 1187 900 1200 1213 1227 1240 1253 1267 1280 1293 1307 1320 81 PENTAX R-300 (p65-88) 10/30/02 11:11 AM Page 82 13 APPENDIX 13-4 Error when no Atmospheric Correction is made When measurement is carried out with no Atmospheric Correction (with the settings fixed at a temperature of 15°C and an atmospheric pressure of 1013 hPa or 760 mmHg), the Error per 100 meters in temperature and pressure will be shown in the tables below. . When the actual pressure is 1013 hPa (760 mmHg) and the temperature is 25°C, conducting the measurement with the temperature left at 15°C will result in the measurement being short by 0.9 mm per 100 meters. Error table: When hPa (15°C, 1013hPa as standard) Unit:mm hPa 1200 1100 1013 900 800 700 600 500C° 45 2.0 -0.5 -2.6 -5.5 -8.0 -10.5 -13.0 -15.5 35 3.0 0.4 -1.8 -4.7 -7.3 -9.9 -12.5 -15.1 25 4.0 1.4 -0.9 -4.0 -6.6 -9.3 -12.0 -14.6 15 5.2 2.4 -0.0 -3.1 -5.9 -8.6 -11.4 -14.2 5 6.3 3.5 1.0 -2.2 -5.1 -8.0 -10.8 -13.7 -5 7.6 4.7 2.1 -1.3 -4.2 -7.2 -10.2 -13.1 -15 9.0 5.9 3.2 -0.2 -3.3 -6.4 -9.5 -12.6 Error table: With mmHg (15°C, 760mmHg as standard) Unit:mm mmHg C° 900 800 760 700 600 500 400 45 2.0 -1.3 -2.6 -4.6 -8.0 -11.3 -14.6 35 3.0 -0.4 -1.8 -3.9 -7.3 -10.8 -14.2 25 4.0 0.5 -0.9 -3.1 -6.6 -10.2 -13.7 15 5.2 1.5 0.0 -2.2 -5.9 -9.6 -13.3 5 6.3 2.5 1.0 -1.3 -5.1 -8.9 -12.7 -5 7.6 3.7 2.1 -0.3 -4.2 -8.2 -12.2 -15 9.0 4.9 3.2 0.8 -3.3 -7.4 -11.5 82 PENTAX R-300 (p65-88) 10/30/02 11:11 AM Page 83 13 APPENDIX 13-5 Atmospheric Refraction and Earth Curvature Correction . Atmospheric refraction and earth curvature correction refers to correcting both the bending of the light beam caused by atmospheric refraction and the effect on the height differential and horizontal distance caused by the earth curvature. . Correction called “atmospheric refraction and earth curvature correction” is initiated to correct error when the slope distance and vertical angle are caused to determine the horizontal distance and the height differential, with this instrument, the following formula is used to correct these factors. . Calculation formula when atmospheric refraction and earth curvature correction parameter is set to “ON”: Corrected horizontal distance (H) K–2 H= S (Cos. + Sin. · · S · Cos.) 2Re Corrected vertical distance (V) 1–K V= S (Sin. + Cos. · · S · Cos.) 2Re Calculation formula when atmospheric refraction and earth curvature correction parameter is set to “OFF”: Horizontal distance H' = S · Cos. Vertical distance V' = S · Sin. S: Slope distance .: Vertical angle from horizontal K: Atmospheric refraction coefficient (0.14 or 0.2) Re: Diameter of earth (6,370 km) 83 PENTAX R-300 (p65-88) 10/30/02 11:11 AM Page 84 13 APPENDIX 13-6 Distance Range Generally speaking, the maximum range which can be measured varies considerably depending on the atmospheric conditions. For this reason, the Specifications illustrate the values for both Good a...

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